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How Displaced Nigerians Are Bartering to Survive
IN PICTURES: Residents of northern Nigeria are using barter systems to survive amid forced displacement by the militant group Boko Haram.

Cash cannot be king for the people of Bakasi camp.

Instead, a small bundle of firewood can be traded for some milk. An unwanted bowl of baby fish is good in exchange for cooking oil. Peanuts are always in high demand.

With little money to hand at the best of times, and struggling to find the goods they need, bartering is key to getting by for Bakasi's more than 21,000 displaced people.

The eight-year Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria's northeast has displaced around 2 million people, some in Nigeria and some overseas. The United Nations calls it one of the world's worst humanitarian crises.

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More than 670,000 of those people live in camps in Nigeria's northeast, where cash is hard to come by, opportunities for work are rare and the food and aid they get is often not what they want.
More than 670,000 of those people live in camps in Nigeria's northeast, where cash is hard to come by, opportunities for work are rare and the food and aid they get is often not what they want. Photo:Reuters
The dusty Bakasi camp sits on the outskirts of the city of Maiduguri in Borno, the spiritual home of the Islamist Boko Haram movement, which wants to establish a caliphate in the region surrounding Lake Chad.
The dusty Bakasi camp sits on the outskirts of the city of Maiduguri in Borno, the spiritual home of the Islamist Boko Haram movement, which wants to establish a caliphate in the region surrounding Lake Chad. Photo:Reuters
In Bakasi, the displaced frequently swap the little they have for their preferred goods, whether it's herbs and spices to make soup, groundnut to help a breastfeeding mother produce milk or laundry detergent for a family's clothes.
In Bakasi, the displaced frequently swap the little they have for their preferred goods, whether it's herbs and spices to make soup, groundnut to help a breastfeeding mother produce milk or laundry detergent for a family's clothes. Photo:Reuters
While many would prefer money, cash distribution in Nigeria's northeast is fraught with risk.
While many would prefer money, cash distribution in Nigeria's northeast is fraught with risk. Photo:Reuters
Abdulwahal Abdulla, a 50-year-old living in Bakasi for three years, hoped to trade his bowl of young tilapia worth roughly 150 naira for cooking oil. Abdulla, no fan of the fish, had bought them because products were scarce and it was the only thing he could buy at the time, he said.
Abdulwahal Abdulla, a 50-year-old living in Bakasi for three years, hoped to trade his bowl of young tilapia worth roughly 150 naira for cooking oil. Abdulla, no fan of the fish, had bought them because products were scarce and it was the only thing he could buy at the time, he said. Photo:Reuters
Many of those responding to the crisis are also concerned that with economic prospects dim for the foreseeable future, millions of people will become dependent on the aid, the vast majority of it coming from overseas.
Many of those responding to the crisis are also concerned that with economic prospects dim for the foreseeable future, millions of people will become dependent on the aid, the vast majority of it coming from overseas. Photo:Reuters
Until then, Nigeria's displaced are finding their own ways to balance what they receive with their needs.
Until then, Nigeria's displaced are finding their own ways to balance what they receive with their needs. Photo:Reuters
Reports of corruption in the humanitarian crisis relief efforts are rife. Those involved, such as government officials, aid workers and soldiers, are alleged to skim from the top before distributing aid.
Reports of corruption in the humanitarian crisis relief efforts are rife. Those involved, such as government officials, aid workers and soldiers, are alleged to skim from the top before distributing aid. Photo:Reuters
Nasiru Buba was trading packets of laundry detergent. He had bought them after working as a porter in the city, pushing a cart loaded with people's belongings, and wanted to trade them for groundnuts.
Nasiru Buba was trading packets of laundry detergent. He had bought them after working as a porter in the city, pushing a cart loaded with people's belongings, and wanted to trade them for groundnuts. "My wife has just delivered a baby and the breast is not coming out with milk," said Buba. Photo:Reuters
Published 8 January 2018
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