New sea-level rising data released on Monday showed that large parts of New Zealand will see the speed of sea-level rising double, 20 to 30 years faster than previously expected.
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Based on current international emissions reduction policies, global sea levels are expected to rise about 0.6 meters by 2100. However, for large parts of New Zealand this will double to about 1.2 meters due to ongoing land subsidence, said Professor Tim Naish from Victoria University of Wellington, co-leader of the NZ SeaRise program.
"We have less time to act than we thought. What may be a real surprise to people is that for many of New Zealand's most populated regions, such as Auckland and Wellington, "this unavoidable rise is happening faster than we thought," he said.
"Vertical land movements mean that these changes in sea level may happen 20 to 30 years sooner than previously expected," said Richard Levy from GNS Science and Victoria University of Wellington, co-leader of the NZ SeaRise program.
For many parts of New Zealand's coast, 30 centimeters of sea-level rise is a threshold for extreme flooding, above which the 100-year coastal storm becomes an annual event. The NZ SeaRise program, a five-year research program funded by the government, brings together 30 local and international experts from universities and research institutes.
On Monday, the program released location-specific sea-level rise projections out to the year 2300 for every 2 kilometers of the coast of New Zealand. These projections can be accessed through a new online tool. For the first time, New Zealanders will be able to see how much and how fast sea levels will rise along their own stretch of coast and in their neighborhood.
The projections are being incorporated into the next Ministry for the Environment guidance for local governments' work on coastal hazards and climate change. Climate change and warming temperatures are causing sea levels to rise, on average, by 3.5 millimeters per year.
This sea-level rise is caused by thermal expansion of the ocean, and the melting of land-based glaciers as well as the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. However, local sea-level rise around the coast of New Zealand is also affected by the up-and-down movements of its land.
"We are very aware when these vertical land movements occur in large jumps during earthquakes, but less obvious to us all is that smaller shifts occur continuously in between large seismic events," NZ SeaRise program stated.
"These small but continuous changes add up, and in areas that are going down (subsiding) the annual rate of sea-level rise can double," it said, adding the program has connected this vertical land movement data with the climate-driven sea-level rise to provide locally-relevant sea-level projections.
Levy called on property owners, councils, infrastructure providers and others to understand how sea levels will change in the coming decades so that they can consider risks associated with flooding, erosion and rising groundwater.
Sea-level rise can be kept to a minimum by enacting policies to meet the Paris Agreement targets to limit global warming by 2100 to between 1.5 to 2 degrees Celsius. Climate Change Minister James Shaw said later this month New Zealand will publish its first ever plan to cut emissions in every part of the country.